lingerd - Setup and Installation
WHAT IS LINGERD?
Under
high load, a dynamic page server running Apache with mod_php spends a
lot of its time doing an operation called "lingering close", which
amounts to waiting a second or two on a connection just to make sure it
gets closed properly.
Lingerd, then, is a
daemon (service) designed to take over this job. Unlike Apache, which
uses one process per connection, lingerd can do thousands of lingers in
parallel, from a single process. The end result is that Apache needs
much fewer running processes to handle the same load, which greatly
increases its scalability, and diminishes the load on the server.
For
technical reasons, lingerd is only effective on servers where
keep-alives are disabled. To get the most out of your servers, for a
high traffic site, you need to have the dynamic webpages served from
one Apache server, and the images and other static data from another.
The dynamic page server can then use lingerd.
HOW STABLE IS IT?
Lingerd has been in production use for a few months, and has lingered nearly 2,000,000 connections with no errors, under Linux.
More testing is still needed under other platforms (eg BSD, Solaris). Lingerd is not portable to Windows.
WHERE DO I FIND IT?
The homepage for lingerd is at http://www.iagora.com/about/software/lingerd/
The daemon itself can be found at ftp://iagora.com/pub/software/lingerd/lingerd-0.94.tar.gz
HOW DO I USE IT?
Installing lingerd is fairly simple, but it does require recompiling Apache from source.
Here
are some quick installation instructions for Apache with mod_php and
lingerd (see http://www.phpbuilder.com/manual/install-unix.php for more
details), under Unix or Linux:
1. tar zxvf apache_1.3.x.tar.gz
2. tar zxvf php-3.0.x.tar
3. tar zxvf lingerd-0.94.tar
4. cd lingerd-0.94
5. vi config.h
(set the right directories for SOCKPATH and PID_FILE; these directories
must be writeable by the userid that Apache runs as)
6. vi apache-1.3/ap_lingerd.h
(set SOCKPATH here too)
7. make ; make install
(also set the system up to start lingerd automatically, e.g by
adding the line "/usr/local/sbin/lingerd" to your
/etc/rc.d/rc.local file)
8. cp apache-1.3/ap_lingerd.* ../apache_1.3.x/src/main/
9. cd ../apache_1.3.x
10. patch -p0 -d src/ < ../lingerd-0.94/apache-1.3/aplinger.diff
11. ./configure --prefix=/www
12. cd ../php-3.0.x
13. ./configure --with-mysql --with-apache=../apache_1.3.x --enable-track-vars
14. make ; make install
15. cd ../apache_1.3.x
16. ./configure --prefix=/www --activate-module=src/modules/php3/libphp3.a
17. make ; make install
To see if lingerd is running, and how many connections it has been handling, watch out for its messages in /var/log/messages.
Lingerd
is not tightly tied to the dynamic programming language, so it can be
used with PHP3, PHP4, and also with other scripting engines like
mod_perl, mod_snake or mod_dtcl.
You can
find more information about lingerd in its homepage at
http://www.iagora.com/about/software/lingerd/ , and in the
documentation files included in the distribution.
